Ankle Arthritis

Ankle arthritis refers to inflammation and degeneration in the ankle joint, which results in pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility. It can result from various underlying conditions. An X-ray is often ordered to assess the extent of arthritis. In some cases, further imaging techniques such as MRI or CT scans may be required.

Types of Arthritis Affecting the Ankle

Osteoarthritis (OA): The most common type, OA occurs when joint cartilage gradually wears down over time.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): An autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the joint's lining, causing inflammation, pain, and potential damage.
Gout: An inflammatory arthritis caused by uric acid crystals in the joint, leading to sudden, severe pain, redness, and swelling.
Psoriatic Arthritis: Linked with psoriasis, this type causes joint inflammation and pain, including in the ankle.
Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Develops after an ankle injury, such as a fracture or severe sprain, leading to joint damage and a higher risk of arthritis.

Signs and Symptoms of Ankle Arthritis

Pain: Typically intensifies with activity and eases with rest, and may be either constant or sporadic.
Swelling: The ankle joint might appear enlarged or swollen.
Stiffness: Most noticeable in the morning or after sitting still for a while.
Tenderness: The ankle joint may feel sensitive to touch.
Reduced Range of Motion: Difficulty in moving the ankle as freely as before.

Causes and Risk Factors

Age: The risk increases with age due to natural joint wear and tear.
Genetics: A family history of arthritis can elevate the risk.
Injury: Previous foot injuries can lead to arthritis.
Obesity: Extra weight adds stress to the ankle joint.
Overuse: Repetitive stress from activities or occupations involving prolonged standing.
Foot Structure: Abnormal foot mechanics, such as flat feet or high arches, can contribute to joint instability and increase the risk of arthritis.

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Treatment and Management of Ankle Arthritis

Treatment for ankle arthritis aims to alleviate symptoms and slow the progression of the condition. Without intervention, the arthritis may cause increased wear and tear, leading to a further loss of range of motion and greater difficulty with mobility and physical activities.

Custom Foot Orthotics: Prescribed to improve foot alignment, improve shock absorption and pressure redistribution, and relieve pressure on the ankle joints.
Ankle Foot Orthotics: In cases with significant loss of range of motion and painful movement, ankle foot orthotics may be used to stabilize and control excessive joint movement.
Lower Limb Exercises: Aims to enhance joint function, build muscle strength, and improve mobility.
Shockwave Therapy: In some cases, shockwave therapy may be used to reduce pain and inflammation.
Medications: Varies depending on the underlying cause.
Surgery: In severe cases, options like ankle joint fusion may be considered to alleviate pain.

Managing ankle arthritis typically requires a combination of strategies tailored to individual needs. Consulting a podiatrist for a thorough assessment and personalized treatment plan is essential.

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