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High arch foot, also known as pes cavus, describes a condition when the foot is abnormally elevated at the arch region. This creates a pronounced curve along the instep, making the heel and ball of the foot more prominent. High arches can alter weight distribution across the foot and affect its overall function. This foot type is often linked with excessive supination, where the foot rolls outward.
Signs and Symptoms of High Arch Foot Type
High arches can be either symptomatic or asymptomatic. Symptomatic cases may present with discomfort, pain, and functional limitations. Asymptomatic high arches, on the other hand, might not cause noticeable issues and are often discovered incidentally during routine examinations. Despite the absence of symptoms, high arches can still affect foot mechanics and potentially lead to problems over time.
Excessive Arch Elevation: The arch of the foot appears unusually high, even when standing.
Foot Pain: Discomfort and pain can arise from increased pressure on the ball of the foot and the heels.
Instability: High arches can lead to instability and problems with balance, especially on uneven or unstable surfaces.
Calluses: Calluses may develop under the ball of the foot or on the heels due to abnormal pressure distribution.
Footwear Issues: Individuals with high arches often experience discomfort from the pressure exerted on the top of their feet, making it challenging to find well-fitting shoes.
Causes of High Arch Foot Type
Genetics: High arches can be inherited and may run in families.
Neuromuscular Disorders: Conditions such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease or cerebral palsy can cause high arches due to muscle imbalances.
Injury: Trauma to the foot or ankle can alter the foot's structure, potentially leading to high arches.
Structural Abnormalities: Congenital conditions or structural abnormalities, such as talipes equinus, can lead to an unusually high arch in the foot.
Complications Associated with High Arch Foot Type
Foot Pain: Discomfort in the ball of the foot, heels, and other areas due to uneven pressure distribution.
Joint Problems: Added stress on the joints of the foot, knee, and lower back, potentially leading to pain and dysfunction.
Balance Issues: Difficulty maintaining balance, which can increase the risk of falls and instability.
Treatment and Management of High Arch Foot Type
Custom Foot Orthotics: Personalized shoes insoles can provide better arch support and distribute pressure more evenly.
Supportive Footwear: Shoes with adequate cushioning and arch support can help alleviate discomfort.
Stretching and Strengthening Exercises: Exercises to strengthen and improve the balance of the foot and leg may be beneficial.
Shockwave Therapy: For symptomatic cases, shockwave therapy may facilitate healing and enhance recovery of affected tissues.
Surgical Intervention: In severe cases or when conservative treatments are ineffective, surgery may be considered to correct the deformity and improve foot function.
A thorough evaluation by a podiatrist is essential to determine the most appropriate treatment for high arches and to address any related issues.
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