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Flat feet, or pes planus, happen when the foot arch collapses, often causing pain and poor alignment. Flat feet are often linked to excessive inward rolling of the feet and ankle, known as overpronation. We offer custom insoles for flat feet in Kuching to support your arches, relieve discomfort, and improve how you move. If you're searching for flat feet treatment in Malaysia, our podiatrist is here to help.
Types of Flat Feet
Congenital or Paediatric Flat Feet: Present from birth, these flat feet vary in severity and impact. Children with congenital flat feet may experience increased fatigue during walking and are more prone to tripping and falling due to associated muscle weakness.
Adult-Acquired Flat Feet: This type develops later in life, often due to factors such as injury, degeneration of the posterior tibial tendon, or other conditions. It can lead to significant pain and functional difficulties.
Flexible Flat Feet: Also known as functional flat feet, this type features a visible arch when sitting, which disappears when standing or walking. The arch collapses only during weight-bearing activities.
Rigid Flat Feet: This type is a fixed deformity with no visible arch whether standing or sitting. It is often more serious and may be caused by congenital vertical talus, tarsal coalition, or end-stage posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.
Signs and Symptoms of Flat Feet
Flat feet can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Symptomatic cases may involve discomfort, pain, and functional limitations. Asymptomatic flat feet may not cause noticeable issues and are often detected incidentally during routine exams. Even without symptoms, flat feet can impact foot mechanics and potentially lead to problems over time.
Lowered or Flattened Arches: The arch of the foot is low or absent when standing.
Foot Pain: Discomfort in the arches or heels.
Foot Fatigue: Increased tiredness in the feet or legs after standing or walking.
Altered Gait: Changes in walking pattern or balance issues.
Shin Pain: Discomfort in the shins or lower legs due to altered mechanics.
Knee, Hip, or Back Pain: Pain in the knees, hips, or lower back due to compensatory changes in gait and posture.
Thickened Skin: Calluses may develop, typically on the inner side of the big toes and under the forefoot, especially the second and third toes, due to altered foot mechanics.
Causes and Risk Factors of Flat Feet
Flat feet can arise from various causes and risk factors that either contribute to their development or worsen the condition:
Genetics: The condition can be inherited, making it more likely if one or both parents have flat feet.
Congenital Abnormalities: Conditions such as vertical talus and tarsal coalition can lead to flat feet from a young age.
Injury: Trauma or damage to the foot or ankle can affect the structures supporting the arch.
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction: Dysfunction or degeneration of this critical tendon, which supports the arch, can lead to flat feet, particularly in adults.
Arthritis: Certain types of arthritis, like rheumatoid arthritis, can weaken the foot structures and contribute to flat feet.
Age: Wear-and-tear over time can contribute to the development of flat feet.
Obesity: Excess weight places additional stress on the feet, potentially worsening or contributing to flat feet.
Treatment and Management of Flat Feet
Customised Insoles: Personalized shoe insoles to support the arch and improve foot alignment, helping to relieve pain and improve function.
Supportive Footwear: Shoes with adequate pronation control and cushioning to reduce foot strain and increase comfort.
Stretching and Strengthening Exercises: Exercises to stretch tight muscles and strengthen weak foot and leg muscles, improving function and reducing pain.
Shockwave Therapy: In symptomatic cases, shockwave therapy can be used to facilitate healing and promote quicker recovery of the affected tissues.
Surgical Intervention: In severe cases, especially with rigid flat feet that are symptomatic or unresponsive to other treatments, surgery may be necessary to address structural issues and restore proper foot function.
Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing flat feet effectively and improving quality of life.
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