Rheumatoid Arthritis

Causes and Risk Factors of Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Autoimmune Reaction: RA occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the joints, causing inflammation and damage.

• Genetic Factors: A family history of RA increases the risk of developing the condition.

• Gender: Women are more likely to develop RA than men.

• Age: RA typically develops between the ages of 30 and 60, but it can affect people of any age.

• Environmental Factors: Smoking and certain infections can trigger RA in genetically predisposed individuals.

• Obesity: Being overweight can worsen RA symptoms and contribute to joint stress, especially in weight-bearing joints like the feet.

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Signs and Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Feet

• Joint Pain and Swelling: Pain and swelling in the toes, arches, and ankles, making walking difficult.

• Morning Stiffness: Many individuals with RA experience stiffness in the feet and other joints, especially in the morning.

• Foot Deformities: Common deformities include bunions, hammer toes, and flat feet, which can cause discomfort and mobility issues.

• Reduced Range of Motion: RA can limit the ability to move the toes and ankles properly, affecting walking and balance.

• Fatigue: RA can cause general fatigue, which may affect the ability to remain active and lead to reduced foot function.

Treatment and Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Feet 

• Medications: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to manage inflammation and control disease progression. 

• Physical Therapy: Exercises to improve foot and ankle mobility, strengthen muscles, and reduce stiffness.

• Footwear: Properly fitted shoes with cushioning and support can reduce foot pain and slow progression of deformities. 

• Customised Insoles: Custom orthotics are crucial for providing support, evenly distributing pressure, accommodating existing foot deformities to relieve pain, and preventing further changes in foot structure.

• General Foot Care: Regular podiatric care for complications such as ulcers, calluses, and corns is essential, as RA can compromise skin integrity and create pressure points.

Regular podiatric monitoring and timely intervention can help manage symptoms, prevent deformities, and maintain mobility in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.