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Bunions, clinically known as Hallux Abductor Valgus, are deformities characterized by a prominent bony protrusion at the base of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, where the big toe deviates laterally towards the second toe, leading to an abnormal angling of the joint and a noticeable enlargement.
A Progressive Condition
Bunions are a progressive condition leading to osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. They typically start with a minor deviation of the big toe, which gradually worsens and alters the alignment of the bones over time. As the condition advances, pain and discomfort may arise. The skin over the protrusion may become red, blistered, and a fluid-filled sac known as a bursa can develop beneath the skin adjacent to the joint. When this bursa becomes inflamed, it results in a painful condition known as bursitis.
Other conditions that are commonly associated with bunions include corns and callouses, hallux rigidus, plantar plate injury, and hammer toes.
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Signs and Symptoms of Bunions
Visible bump at the big toe joint with toe deviation
Pain and discomfort at the site of the bunion
Swelling and redness
Restricted toe movement
Shoe fit issues due to the bony enlargement
Not all bunions exhibit symptoms, and the condition can vary significantly in its presentation. Some bunions are asymptomatic, particularly in the early stages, meaning they may not cause noticeable discomfort or functional issues.
Treatment and Management of Bunions
Unfortunately, once a bunion has developed, the size of the deformity cannot be reduced without surgical intervention. Therefore, early detection and management are crucial to prevent the progression of the condition, alleviate potential pain, and avoid future complications. Addressing the issue early, even when it is asymptomatic, can help in managing symptoms and preventing further deterioration of the foot’s structure and function.
Treatment for bunions typically involves several approaches:
Custom Foot Orthotics: Improve foot mechanics, realign the foot, and reduce pressure on the bunion.
Footwear Change: Accommodate the deformity and avoid placing pressure on the affected joint.
Bunion Splints: Alleviate soft tissue tension and relieve pain.
Shockwave Therapy: Reduce joint inflammation and pain.
Mobility and Strengthening Exercises: Enhance foot function.
Surgery: Correct the deformity and improve joint alignment, particularly for severe cases.
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