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Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a hereditary neurological condition that affects the peripheral nerves, causing muscle weakness and sensory loss, particularly in the feet and lower limbs. These symptoms make it a common concern in podiatric practice, as the disease often leads to progressive foot deformities, gait abnormalities, and mobility challenges.
Causes and Risk Factors of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Causes and Risk Factors of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Genetic Mutations: CMT is caused by mutations in specific genes that disrupt the function of the peripheral nerves.
Family History or Hereditary: A positive family history is a strong risk indicator, as the disease is typically inherited.
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Signs and Symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Signs and Symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Foot Deformities: High arches (pes cavus), and claw toes are common structural abnormalities caused by muscle imbalances in the feet.
Muscle Weakness: Weakness in the foot and ankle muscles can result in foot drop, leading to difficulty lifting the foot while walking.
Gait Abnormalities: Individuals often adopt a high-stepping gait to compensate for foot drop, which may result in increased fatigue and instability.
Muscle Atrophy: Progressive weakening and wasting of muscles, particularly in the lower legs, create a "stork leg" appearance.
Sensory Loss: Reduced sensation in the feet can lead to an increased risk of injuries, ulcers, or other complications.
Balance Issues: Weakness and sensory deficits impair balance, making activities like walking on uneven surfaces challenging.
Treatment and Management of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Treatment and Management of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Management of CMT focuses on managing and alleviating symptoms, preventing complications, and improving mobility. From a podiatric perspective, treatment options include:
Ongoing Monitoring: Regular podiatric check-ups are crucial to address changes in foot structure, monitor skin integrity, and prevent complications such as ulcers or infections.
Physical Therapy: Regular stretching and strengthening exercises to maintain joint flexibility, improve muscle strength, and reduce the risk of contractures.
Footwear: Shoes with added support to accommodate foot deformities and improve stability during walking.
Orthotics devices:
Custom-made insoles and supportive footwear to accommodate deformities and enhance foot function.
Ankle-Foot Orthoses (AFOs) are often prescribed to manage foot drop and improve stability.
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