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Patellofemoral pain syndrome, often referred to as "runner’s knee," is characterized by pain in the front of the knee or around the kneecap. Due to its location, it's also known as anterior knee pain syndrome. Although commonly associated with runners, this condition can affect people of all ages, especially those who are more physically active.
Causes of Runner’s Knee
Runner's knee primarily results from increased pressure of the kneecap against the thigh bone, caused by factors such as patellar maltracking, and overuse. This pressure leads to irritation and inflammation in the surrounding area, causing injury to the articular cartilage and resulting in discomfort which may worsen with activity or after sitting for extended periods.
Risk Factors of Runner’s Knee
The following risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing runner’s knee:
Overuse: Repeated stress from running, especially with rapid mileage increases.
Muscle Imbalances: Weakness or tightness in the quadriceps, hamstrings, or hip muscles can lead to malalignment of the kneecap.
Improper Footwear: Worn-out shoes or those lacking adequate support can negatively affect biomechanics.
Poor Running Form: Incorrect gait mechanics can place extra stress on the knee.
Surface Changes: Running on hard or uneven surfaces increases the impact on the knees.
Anatomical Issues: Conditions like flat feet or high arches can contribute to misalignment.
Joint Hypermobility or Knee Position: Excessive mobility or conditions like knock knees can lead to instability.
Previous Injuries: A history of knee or leg injuries can make the area more susceptible to pain.
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Signs and Symptoms of Runner’s Knee
Runner's knee, or patellofemoral pain syndrome, typically manifests with various signs and symptoms, including:
Knee Discomfort: A persistent, aching pain in front, around, or behind the kneecap, particularly noticeable during activities like running, climbing stairs, or sitting for extended periods.
Mild Swelling: Slight swelling around the knee joint.
Popping or Cracking Sensations: A sensation of popping or cracking in the knee during movement.
Activity-Related Pain: Increased pain during or after physical activities, especially those involving knee bending.
Tenderness: Sensitivity when pressing on the kneecap or the surrounding area.
Movement Difficulties: Discomfort when squatting, sitting, or using stairs.
Treatment and Management of Runner’s Knee
Strengthening and Stretching Exercises: Aim to reduce the load on the joint itself.
Activity Modification: Adopt lower-impact forms of exercise temporarily to minimize repetitive stress and impact on the knee.
Proper Footwear: Recommend supportive and well-cushioned shoes to distribute pressure more evenly and reduce impact on the knee.
Custom Foot Orthotics: Orthotics can address biomechanical or alignment issues and provide additional pressure redistribution to alleviate stress on the knee.
Shockwave Therapy: This treatment offers symptomatic relief and improves knee joint function.
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