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The Achilles tendon, which is the largest tendon in the body, connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. It plays a crucial role in leg movements such as walking and running. Achilles tendonitis, also referred to as Achilles tendinitis, involves inflammation of this essential tendon. It is particularly common among those who engage in physical activities or have a history of overuse injuries.
This condition may manifest as pain and swelling either at the point where the Achilles tendon attaches to the heel bone (calcaneus) or in the mid-portion of the tendon, about 2-7 cm from the heel insertion. Additionally, it can restrict movement throughout the ankle.
Diagnosis is generally made by evaluating your symptoms, conducting a physical exam, and using ultrasound imaging. In some cases, X-rays or MRIs may be used to rule out other potential conditions.
Signs and Symptoms of Achilles Tendinitis
Pain at the Back of the Heel: Often described as a dull ache or sharp pain, particularly where the Achilles tendon runs along the back of the heel.
Tenderness: Sensitivity along the tendon, especially when touched or pressed.
Swelling: Noticeable swelling around the Achilles tendon, typically at the back of the heel.
Stiffness: Limited flexibility or stiffness in the tendon, particularly in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
Warmth: The area around the tendon may feel warm to the touch due to inflammation.
Thickening of the Tendon: The tendon may appear thicker or enlarged, with a palpable lump.
Causes and Risk Factors of Achilles Tendonitis
Achilles tendonitis can arise from various factors and activities. Key causes include repetitive strain or overuse, particularly from high-impact activities like running, jumping, or suddenly increasing physical activity levels. Several risk factors can contribute to the likelihood of developing this condition:
Age: Middle-aged individuals are more prone to Achilles tendonitis due to reduced tendon elasticity and strength.
Foot Structure: Structural abnormalities such as flat feet or high arches can place additional stress on the tendon.
Improper Footwear: Shoes that lack adequate support or cushioning can exacerbate tendon strain.
Previous Injuries: A history of Achilles tendon injuries can increase susceptibility to inflammation.
Training Mistakes: Rapid changes in exercise intensity or poor technique can raise the risk of developing the condition.
Recognizing these causes and risk factors is crucial for both preventing and effectively managing Achilles tendonitis.
Treatment and Management of Achilles Tendonitis
Treatment for Achilles tendonitis ranges from conservative to more advanced options. Initially, conservative approaches typically involve rest, modifying activities, applying ice, using anti-inflammatory medications, performing stretching exercises, and wearing appropriate footwear. If these methods do not provide sufficient relief, more advanced treatments may be necessary, such as custom orthotics, physical therapy, shockwave therapy, or other specialized interventions.
At Realign Podiatry, we offer advanced solutions including shockwave therapy and custom insoles to effectively manage and alleviate pain. Additionally, we provide taping techniques, footwear advice, and tailored rehabilitation exercises to support a faster recovery.
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