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Shin splints, or medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS), is a condition that causes pain along the inner side of the shinbone (tibia) and are common among athletes and active individuals, especially runners. They result from repeated stress on the tibia, leading to inflammation and pain. The two main proposed causes of shin splints are: constant pulling by deep calf muscles, which irritates the lining of the bone, and forces from the ground, which create bending stresses on the shinbone and cause microdamage.
Risk Factors of Shin Splints
Sports and Activities: Athletes involved in high-impact sports or activities with repetitive stress (e.g., running, basketball, soccer) are more likely to develop shin splints.
Foot Structure: Abnormal foot mechanics, such as overpronation or supination, can increase the risk.
Inadequate Footwear: Worn-out or inappropriate shoes can contribute to the condition.
Training Routines: Sudden changes in training intensity or volume can lead to overuse injuries.
Calf Tightness or Weakness: Tight calf muscles and weak lower leg muscles can both increase stress on the shin area.
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Signs and Symptoms of Shin Splints
Signs and Symptoms of Shin Splints
Dull, Aching Pain: Pain is usually felt along the inner edge of the tibia or the front of the shin.
Tenderness: The affected area may be sensitive to touch.
Swelling: There may be mild swelling around the painful area.
Pain During Activity: Pain may occur during or after physical activity and often improves with rest.
Treatment and Management of Shin Splints
Untreated shin splints can lead to more severe conditions, such as stress fractures, which may require more extensive treatment. Treatment for shin splints aims to alleviate symptoms and address the underlying causes to reduce the risk of recurrence.
Rest and Ice: Reducing activity and applying ice can help with pain and swelling.
Stretching and Strengthening Exercises
Footwear Change: Wearing supportive shoes to reduce strain on the lower leg.
Custom Foot Orthotics: Custom insoles to correct structural issues and provide support.
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